Atoms, molecules, polarity and apolarity of molecules, what is implication of such a status, what is their significance inside the cell- membranes.

Sugars: various molecules, lactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose. What is the source of these sugars?

Structure of an animal cell in comparison to a plant cell, bacterium cell and a bacteriophage.

Eukaryote cells and prokaryote cells what is the difference? The structure and arrangement of the DNA in each one.

What makes a cell to be a cell? Which qualities does it need in order to be called a living cell?

Enzymes, what do they do and how?

Plants- plant diseases. Powdery mildew- a fungus that infested a papaya tree seedling, cannot infest a citrus tree seedling in the same pot.There is species specificity in disease causing microorganisms.

Microscopy: we prepared cross sections in onion and red beet root. We examined them under the microscope, to appreciate the strong cellulose wall around plant cells.